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Nephrology
What the Latest Research Reveals
Data last updated: 31 studies cited
How this page is produced
Generated by the ModernDoc Research Monitor from peer-reviewed literature. Every statistic is automatically checked against its cited source and screened for retractions before it is published. This page is AI-generated and has not yet been reviewed by a clinician — it is not medical advice. Read how we build and check these pages.
35%
Higher risk of chronic kidney disease after COVID-19
— persisting beyond 12 months
Source: Bowe et al.. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021). 10.1681/ASN.2021060734 | n=89216
KEY FINDINGS
Chronic Kidney Disease
+35%
95% CI: HR 1.35 (95% CI: 1.31-1.39)
Source [1]
eGFR Decline >30%
+62%
95% CI: HR 1.62 (95% CI: 1.51-1.74)
Source [1]
End-Stage Kidney Disease
+196%
95% CI: HR 2.96 (95% CI: 2.49-3.51)
Source [1]
Acute Kidney Injury (Hospitalized)
17-28%
95% CI: Pooled incidence (95% CI: 14.6-25.3%)
Source [9]
Severe COVID-19 risk with moderate stage CKD (vs low stage)
HR 1.27
95% CI: 95% CI, 1.03–1.56
Source [31]
Severe COVID-19 risk with high stage CKD (vs low stage)
HR 2.33
95% CI: 95% CI, 1.77–3.06
Source [31]
Severe COVID-19 risk with very high stage CKD (vs low stage)
HR 2.72
95% CI: 95% CI, 1.88–3.92
Source [31]
Reduction in anti-S1 IgG levels with moderate stage CKD
−12.00%
95% CI: 95% CI: −21.14% to −1.78%
Source [31]
Reduction in anti-S1 IgG levels with high stage CKD
−27.03%
95% CI: 95% CI, −40.00% to −11.25%
Source [31]
Reduction in anti-S1 IgG levels with very high stage CKD
−48.9%
95% CI: 95% CI, −61.60% to −32.01%
Source [31]
Long COVID positivity in very high stage CKD (vs low stage)
OR=2.20
95% CI: 95% CI: 1.16–4.18
Source [31]
THE TIMELINE
Acute Phase
0-14 days
Subacute Phase
14-90 days
Chronic Phase
3-12 months
Long-Term
>12 months
Acute Phase
0-14 days
Days 3-7; median time to AKI: 3 days
Key Event
Peak AKI incidence
AKI Incidence in Hospitalized Patients
COVID-1917-28%
Pre-COVID Baseline8-15%
Source: Silver et al., Kidney Int 2021 vs historical data
Cumulative Risk with Reinfection
1 infection+35%
2 infections+116%
3+ infections+>116%
“Each infection adds to cumulative kidney damage”
THE HOPEFUL HORIZON
- 84% of AKI patients requiring dialysis achieve dialysis-free survival at 60 days[4]
- SGLT2 inhibitors (EMPA-KIDNEY, DAPA-CKD) show protective benefits in post-COVID CKD[21]
- BRACE-CORONA trial confirms safety of continuing ACEi/ARB during COVID-19[22]
- Vaccination associated with reduced AKI incidence and severity
SOURCES
- [1]Bowe B, Xie Y, Xu E, Al-Aly Z. Kidney Outcomes in Long COVID. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;32(11):2851-2862. DOI (opens in new tab)
- [2]Bowe B, Xie Y, Al-Aly Z. Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Nat Med. 2022;28(11):2398-2405. DOI (opens in new tab)
- [3]Hirsch JS, Ng JH, Ross DW, et al. Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;98(1):209-218. DOI (opens in new tab)
- [4]Gupta S, Coca SG, Chan L, et al. AKI Treated with Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;32(1):161-176. DOI (opens in new tab)
- [5]Robbins-Juarez SY, Qian L, King KL, et al. Outcomes for Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;5(8):1149-1160. DOI (opens in new tab)
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