Study findings, populations and outcomes, with a direct line back to each source.
38 cited sources133 recorded findingsStudy findings updated
AI-assisted research summary. These summaries are for general information. Read the original source for the full study and its limitations.
THE SHORT VERSION
What’s worth knowing.
The key findings, what they mean, and the context that matters.
THE HEADLINE TAKEAWAY-11.85%average difference between groups
Subcutaneous semaglutide reduced weight but raised discontinuation
In adults with overweight or obesity without type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide produced greater percentage body-weight loss than placebo; the mean difference was -11.85%.
Discontinuation because of adverse events was also higher with semaglutide than placebo. The treatment timeframe is not available in this summary.
See the evidence
Percentage change in body weight with subcutaneous semaglutide versus placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without type 2 diabetes
MD -11.85% 95% CI: -12.81% to -10.90%
Naz, Faryal et al.. Effectiveness & safety of semaglutide in weight reduction in obese nondiabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Medicine. 2026.
Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events with subcutaneous semaglutide versus placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without type 2 diabetes
RR 2.62 95% CI: 1.70-4.03
Naz, Faryal et al.. Effectiveness & safety of semaglutide in weight reduction in obese nondiabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Medicine. 2026.
Semaglutide lowered serious kidney-event hazard versus placebo
Across the pooled SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials, semaglutide had a lower hazard than placebo of persistent reduction of at least 50% in estimated kidney function, kidney failure, or kidney- or cardiovascular-related death.
This prespecified analysis pooled trials that differed in participant characteristics and semaglutide dose and route; a single common clinical population is not available in this summary. A narrower kidney composite also favored semaglutide.
See the evidence
Primary composite of persistent ≥50% eGFR reduction, kidney failure, kidney-related death, or cardiovascular-related death with semaglutide versus placebo in the prespecified pooled SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL analysis; 973 versus 1134 first events. The trials differed in participants' baseline characteristics and in semaglutide dose and route.
HR 0.84 95% CI: 0.77-0.91
Mann, Johannes F E et al.. Effect of semaglutide on kidney outcomes in the SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials: a prespecified pooled analysis.. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2026.
Narrower secondary kidney composite excluding cardiovascular-related death with semaglutide versus placebo in the prespecified pooled SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL analysis; 347 versus 416 first events. The trials differed in participants' baseline characteristics and in semaglutide dose and route.
HR 0.80 95% CI: 0.69-0.92
Mann, Johannes F E et al.. Effect of semaglutide on kidney outcomes in the SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials: a prespecified pooled analysis.. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2026.
Reduced-insulin semaglutide strategy improved several diabetes outcomes
At 40 weeks, semaglutide 2.0 mg plus dose-reduced insulin glargine lowered the blood-glucose measure HbA1c and body weight more than dose-titrated insulin glargine. Severe episodes of low blood glucose (hypoglycaemia) occurred at a lower rate.
This comparison involved people with type 2 diabetes and overweight. Gastrointestinal event counts were higher with the semaglutide strategy, but they were events rather than participant-level incidence rates.
See the evidence
HbA1c reduction with semaglutide 2.0 mg plus dose-reduced insulin glargine versus dose-titrated insulin glargine at 40 weeks
ETD -0.74% 95% CI: -0.90% to -0.59%
Rodbard, Helena W et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE).. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2026.
Body-weight change with semaglutide 2.0 mg plus dose-reduced insulin glargine versus dose-titrated insulin glargine at 40 weeks
ETD -8.5 kg 95% CI: -9.5 to -7.4 kg
Rodbard, Helena W et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE).. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2026.
Severe hypoglycaemia occurred at a lower rate with semaglutide 2.0 mg plus dose-reduced insulin glargine versus dose-titrated insulin glargine at 40 weeks (p=0.02).
Rate ratio 0.45 95% CI: 0.23-0.87
Rodbard, Helena W et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE).. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2026.
Gastrointestinal adverse-event counts were higher with semaglutide 2.0 mg plus dose-reduced insulin glargine than with dose-titrated insulin glargine; these are event counts rather than participant-level incidence rates, and the abstract reported no new safety concerns.
310 vs. 32 events
Rodbard, Helena W et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE).. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2026.
Weight regain followed stopping semaglutide 2.4 mg
7.19%
Across six studies, pooled mean body-weight regain from the end of treatment to follow-up after stopping semaglutide 2.4 mg was 7.19%.
The follow-up interval is not available in this summary, so the estimate does not show the monthly rate of regain or when any particular weight level was reached.
See the evidence
Pooled mean percentage body-weight regain from end of treatment to follow-up after stopping semaglutide 2.4 mg, based on six studies
7.19% 95% CI: 6.42-7.96
Patel, Henna et al.. Post-cessation Weight Regain After Weight Management Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Cureus. 2026.
Observational evidence raises an optic-nerve safety signal
In observational cohorts, semaglutide was associated with more nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy than non-semaglutide treatment.
Heterogeneity was high, and randomized trials were requested for a clear conclusion. The reported interval for the overweight-or-obesity subgroup included no difference, so this remains an uncertain association rather than proof of causation.
See the evidence
NAION risk with semaglutide versus non-semaglutide treatment in a meta-analysis of observational cohorts; heterogeneity was high (I2=91%), and the authors stated that randomized trials are needed for a clear conclusion.
RE 1.93 95% CI: 1.22-3.08
Khani, Elnaz et al.. Semaglutide-Induced Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2026.
NAION association among individuals with overweight or obesity; the result was not statistically significant and heterogeneity was high (I2=83.98%).
RE 1.68 95% CI: 0.72-3.91
Khani, Elnaz et al.. Semaglutide-Induced Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2026.
Association between semaglutide use and NAION among individuals with diabetes; subgroup heterogeneity was high (I2=88.26%).
RE 1.84 95% CI: 1.21-2.80
Khani, Elnaz et al.. Semaglutide-Induced Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2026.
Fatty-liver inflammation resolved more often; pooled scarring improvement was uncertain
114%higher relative risk
Versus placebo, subcutaneous semaglutide had a 114% higher relative risk of fatty-liver inflammation resolving without liver scarring progressing. For pooled improvement in liver-scarring stage with semaglutide versus placebo, the reported interval included no difference.
The meta-analysis covered metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty-liver disease or fatty-liver inflammation. A separate review cautioned that whether liver-tissue improvement reduces clinical outcomes remains unproven.
See the evidence
114% higher relative risk, calculated from RR 2.14. This is not an absolute percentage-point difference.
NASH resolution without fibrosis progression with subcutaneous semaglutide versus placebo
RR 2.14 95% CI: 1.44-3.17
Khan, Suleman et al.. Therapeutic role of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials with GRADE evidence assessment.. Medicine. 2026.
Fibrosis-stage improvement with subcutaneous semaglutide versus placebo; the pooled result was not statistically significant
RR 1.14 95% CI: 0.63-2.05
Khan, Suleman et al.. Therapeutic role of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials with GRADE evidence assessment.. Medicine. 2026.
Fibrosis improvement by at least one stage with semaglutide versus placebo after 72 weeks in MASH; the relationship between treatment-induced histologic improvement and reduced clinical outcomes remains unproven.
37% vs 22%
Ayoub, Malek et al.. Review Article: Fibrosis Reversal in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis-The Promise of Emerging Therapeutics.. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2026.
Semaglutide subgroup showed weight loss during antipsychotic treatment
In randomized trials of adjunctive GLP-1 receptor agonists for antipsychotic-treated patients, the semaglutide subgroup showed reductions in body weight and BMI.
The comparator underlying the semaglutide subgroup estimates is not available in this summary, so their numerical magnitudes are not presented. Between-agent subgroup differences were reported.
Study details & original results
Moubarak, Elsayed S et al.. Adjunctive GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiometabolic risk in antipsychotic-treated patients: A GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of randomized trials.. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2026.
Body-weight reduction with semaglutide in a GLP-1 RA type subgroup analysis of randomized trials involving antipsychotic-treated patients; between-agent subgroup differences for weight and BMI were significant at p<0.05.
MD -11.06 kg
BMI reduction with semaglutide in a GLP-1 RA type subgroup analysis of randomized trials involving antipsychotic-treated patients; between-agent subgroup differences for weight and BMI were significant at p<0.05.
Tirzepatide produced more weight loss than semaglutide
-20.2% vs -13.7%
In an open-label randomized active-controlled trial of adults with overweight or obesity, mean body-weight change at 72 weeks was -20.2% with tirzepatide versus -13.7% with semaglutide.
Retrospective cohorts also favored tirzepatide, but effects were smaller and heterogeneous, and several cohorts had serious confounding-related bias.
Study details & original results
Mohamed Abdalla, Samih Abdelmutalab et al.. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Obesity: A Systematic Review.. Cureus. 2026.
Mean body-weight change at 72 weeks with tirzepatide versus semaglutide in a phase 3b open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial of adults with overweight or obesity.
-20.2% vs -13.7%
Range of adjusted between-group weight-loss differences across retrospective real-world cohorts; the advantage was smaller than in the trial and most pronounced at stringent weight-reduction thresholds. Substantial heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis, and four cohorts had serious risk of bias, principally from unadjusted confounding.
approximately 2.3-4.4 percentage points favoring tirzepatide
Semaglutide was followed by weight loss after bariatric surgery
9.02% total weight loss
Among adults starting an incretin receptor agonist at least one year after metabolic bariatric surgery, semaglutide was associated with 9.02% total weight loss at 12 months.
Heterogeneity across studies was substantial. At 6 months, tirzepatide produced greater total weight loss than semaglutide, but that pooled comparison was also heterogeneous.
Study details & original results
Santos-Pereira, Mariana et al.. Use of incretin receptor agonists in patients submitted to metabolic bariatric surgery - a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2026.
Total weight loss at 12 months with semaglutide in adults treated with an incretin receptor agonist at least one year after metabolic bariatric surgery; substantial heterogeneity across studies requires cautious interpretation.
9.02% total weight loss
Mean difference in total weight loss at 6 months for tirzepatide versus semaglutide after metabolic bariatric surgery; substantial heterogeneity across studies requires cautious interpretation.
Weight returned after semaglutide or tirzepatide was stopped
1.04 kg/month
Across semaglutide or tirzepatide studies, estimated weight regain after discontinuation was 1.04 kg/month.
Observed follow-up ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. Both projected milestones used a constant linear-regain model, but only the projected return to baseline extended beyond the maximum observed follow-up.
Study details & original results
Kow, Chia Siang et al.. Weight Regain Trajectories After Discontinuation of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide: A Reconstructed Aggregate-Data Bayesian Longitudinal Meta-Analysis.. Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism. 2026.
Estimated monthly weight regain after discontinuation across semaglutide or tirzepatide studies with observed follow-up ranging from 4 to 52 weeks; this pooled estimate is not semaglutide-specific.
1.04 kg/month 95% CrI: 0.80-1.29
Projected time to regain 50% of the initial weight loss after semaglutide or tirzepatide discontinuation, based on a constant linear-regain model; estimates beyond 52 weeks were extrapolated and require cautious interpretation.
7.50 months 95% CrI: 5.05-10.57
Projected time to return to baseline weight after semaglutide or tirzepatide discontinuation, based on a constant linear-regain model; this exceeds the observed follow-up and is a model-based extrapolation.
Dates show when findings were added here, not when papers were published. Study populations and comparisons differ.
WHEN YOU WANT TO GO DEEPERSee all 133 findingsOriginal results, comparisons and study details.
38 of 38 source groupsFindings stay together with their study.
SOURCE 382 findings
Moubarak, Elsayed S et al.. Adjunctive GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiometabolic risk in antipsychotic-treated patients: A GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of randomized trials.. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2026.
Body-weight reduction with semaglutide in a GLP-1 RA type subgroup analysis of randomized trials involving antipsychotic-treated patients; between-agent subgroup differences for weight and BMI were significant at p<0.05.
BMI reduction with semaglutide in a GLP-1 RA type subgroup analysis of randomized trials involving antipsychotic-treated patients; between-agent subgroup differences for weight and BMI were significant at p<0.05.
Mohamed Abdalla, Samih Abdelmutalab et al.. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Obesity: A Systematic Review.. Cureus. 2026.
Mean body-weight change at 72 weeks with tirzepatide versus semaglutide in a phase 3b open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial of adults with overweight or obesity.
Range of adjusted between-group weight-loss differences across retrospective real-world cohorts; the advantage was smaller than in the trial and most pronounced at stringent weight-reduction thresholds. Substantial heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis, and four cohorts had serious risk of bias, principally from unadjusted confounding.
Added
approximately 2.3-4.4 percentage points favoring tirzepatideSource [37]
SOURCE 362 findings
Santos-Pereira, Mariana et al.. Use of incretin receptor agonists in patients submitted to metabolic bariatric surgery - a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2026.
Total weight loss at 12 months with semaglutide in adults treated with an incretin receptor agonist at least one year after metabolic bariatric surgery; substantial heterogeneity across studies requires cautious interpretation.
Mean difference in total weight loss at 6 months for tirzepatide versus semaglutide after metabolic bariatric surgery; substantial heterogeneity across studies requires cautious interpretation.
Moiz, Areesha et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Co-agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : An Updated Systematic Review.. Annals of internal medicine. 2026.
Placebo-subtracted weight loss with subcutaneous semaglutide in an updated systematic review of RCTs among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes; heterogeneity precluded quantitative synthesis.
Placebo-subtracted weight loss with oral semaglutide in an updated systematic review of RCTs among adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes; heterogeneity precluded quantitative synthesis.
Kow, Chia Siang et al.. Weight Regain Trajectories After Discontinuation of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide: A Reconstructed Aggregate-Data Bayesian Longitudinal Meta-Analysis.. Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism. 2026.
Estimated monthly weight regain after discontinuation across semaglutide or tirzepatide studies with observed follow-up ranging from 4 to 52 weeks; this pooled estimate is not semaglutide-specific.
Projected time to regain 50% of the initial weight loss after semaglutide or tirzepatide discontinuation, based on a constant linear-regain model; estimates beyond 52 weeks were extrapolated and require cautious interpretation.
Projected time to return to baseline weight after semaglutide or tirzepatide discontinuation, based on a constant linear-regain model; this exceeds the observed follow-up and is a model-based extrapolation.
McIntyre, Roger S et al.. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Serious Mental Illness.. JAMA psychiatry. 2026.
Four-year all-cause mortality among propensity-score-matched adults with serious mental illness initiating any GLP-1 RA versus an SGLT2 inhibitor; this is a class-level, not semaglutide-specific, estimate.
Absolute four-year all-cause mortality difference among matched adults with serious mental illness initiating any GLP-1 RA versus an SGLT2 inhibitor; this is a class-level estimate.
Added
4.91% vs 6.45%; ARD -1.54 percentage points95% CI: -1.68 to -1.39 percentage pointsSource [32]
All 8 findings from this source
One-year all-cause mortality in a separately matched serious-mental-illness cohort initiating any GLP-1 RA versus an SGLT2 inhibitor; this is a class-level, not semaglutide-specific, estimate.
Absolute one-year all-cause mortality difference in a separately matched serious-mental-illness cohort initiating any GLP-1 RA versus an SGLT2 inhibitor; this is a class-level estimate.
Added
1.46% vs 2.84%; ARD -1.38 percentage points95% CI: -1.47 to -1.29 percentage pointsSource [32]
Three-point MACE with semaglutide versus SGLT2 inhibitor initiation among participants with serious mental illness and type 2 diabetes.
Mortality with semaglutide versus SGLT2 inhibitor initiation in the major-depressive-disorder subgroup with type 2 diabetes in an exploratory 10-year analysis.
Proportion of reported adverse events involving abortion or pregnancy loss; this is a proportion of reported events, not the risk among exposed pregnancies.
FAERS reporting odds for pregnancy, puerperium, and perinatal conditions with semaglutide versus other medications; this is a disproportionality signal and not a causal risk estimate.
FAERS reporting odds for gastrointestinal disorders with semaglutide versus other medications in pregnancy-related reports; this is a disproportionality signal and not a causal risk estimate.
SMQ-based FAERS reporting odds for termination of pregnancy and risk of abortion with semaglutide versus other medications; this is a reporting signal and does not establish increased clinical risk or causation.
Banerjee, Mainak et al.. Major Adverse Liver Outcomes With Tirzepatide and Injectable Semaglutide in Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2026.
Major adverse liver outcomes with tirzepatide versus injectable semaglutide among adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes over a median follow-up of approximately 17 months; no significant difference was observed.
Added
HR 1.04; IR 4.05 vs. 4.04 per 1000 PY95% CI: 0.88-1.23Source [31]
Major adverse liver outcomes with tirzepatide versus injectable semaglutide in the MASLD subgroup; the abstract reported a comparable risk profile.
Added
HR 1.03; IR 9.97 vs. 10.03 per 1000 PY95% CI: 0.75-1.42Source [31]
All 3 findings from this source
Major adverse liver outcomes with tirzepatide versus injectable semaglutide in the as-treated sensitivity analysis.
Khani, Elnaz et al.. Semaglutide-Induced Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2026.
NAION risk with semaglutide versus non-semaglutide treatment in a meta-analysis of observational cohorts; heterogeneity was high (I2=91%), and the authors stated that randomized trials are needed for a clear conclusion.
Fibrosis improvement by at least one stage with semaglutide versus placebo after 72 weeks in MASH; the relationship between treatment-induced histologic improvement and reduced clinical outcomes remains unproven.
Plutzky, Jorge et al.. Effect of Semaglutide on the Inflammatory Biomarker High-Sensitivity CRP in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease and Overweight or Obesity in SELECT: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis.. Circulation. 2026.
Semaglutide-associated change in hsCRP at 104 weeks among patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes in the prespecified SELECT analysis.
Hypertension-related treatment-emergent adverse events with semaglutide in patients treated for T2DM or obesity; the overall association was not statistically significant (p=0.233), although the abstract noted unquantified potential protective signals in high-dose subgroups.
Hypotension-related treatment-emergent adverse events with semaglutide in patients treated for T2DM or obesity; the overall association was not statistically significant (p=0.232), although the abstract noted unquantified potential protective signals in high-dose subgroups.
Murugadoss, Karthik et al.. GLP-1-based incretin therapy is associated with lower incident Alzheimer's disease and cardiorenal events in adults with documented neuropsychiatric, cognitive, or sensory risk.. Biology methods & protocols. 2026.
First recorded Alzheimer's disease diagnosis after GLP-1-based incretin initiation versus non-GLP-1 antidiabetic medication initiation in the primary matched cohort of adults aged at least 50 years with a documented Alzheimer's disease risk factor; class-level observational association.
First recorded Alzheimer's disease diagnosis among semaglutide initiators versus matched non-GLP-1 antidiabetic medication initiators in an observational analysis with 23,675 patients per arm; q=0.02.
Tseng, Ting-Chun et al.. Semaglutide vs Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity.. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 2026.
Composite cardiovascular outcome with metabolic and bariatric surgery versus semaglutide during up to 5 years of follow-up among adults with obesity without T2DM.
Added
HR 0.402; 4.4% vs 6.6%95% CI: 0.356-0.454Source [25]
Composite cardiovascular outcome with metabolic and bariatric surgery versus semaglutide during up to 5 years of follow-up among adults with obesity and T2DM.
Added
HR 0.421; 9.0% vs 14.6%95% CI: 0.381-0.465Source [25]
All 4 findings from this source
Heart-failure risk with metabolic and bariatric surgery versus semaglutide among adults with obesity without T2DM.
Guo, Lixin et al.. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 12): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3b trial.. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2026.
Week-44 bodyweight change with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo, both plus lifestyle intervention, in adults from mainland China and Taiwan meeting local overweight or obesity BMI criteria; missing data were imputed with washout multiple imputation.
Added
-12.1% vs -2.2%; estimated treatment difference -9.9 percentage points95% CI: -11.8 to -8.0 percentage pointsSource [24]
Odds of achieving at least 5% bodyweight reduction by week 44 with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo, both plus lifestyle intervention, in adults from mainland China and Taiwan meeting local overweight or obesity BMI criteria.
Added
OR 14.8; 80.5% vs 24.4%95% CI: 7.4 to 29.6Source [24]
All 3 findings from this source
Descriptive incidence of any adverse event with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo among participants receiving treatment; gastrointestinal disorders were the most common adverse events.
Jiménez-Mausbach, Martí et al.. Semaglutide attenuates a proteomics-based dementia risk signature in older adults with overweight or obesity and cardiovascular disease without diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the SELECT phase 3 trial.. Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2026.
Increase through week 104 in dSST-predicted 5-year dementia risk with semaglutide versus placebo among adults aged at least 65 years with overweight or obesity and cardiovascular disease without diabetes; this represented a 26.0% lower predicted event rate and a 2.5-fold smaller increase.
Increase through week 104 in dSST-predicted 20-year dementia risk with semaglutide versus placebo among adults aged at least 65 years with overweight or obesity and cardiovascular disease without diabetes; this represented an 8.8% lower predicted risk and a 1.67-fold smaller increase.
Reduction in the odds of a higher dSST dementia-risk classification with semaglutide versus placebo in the post hoc SELECT analysis; β=-0.44 and P<0.001.
Qasim, Abeer et al.. The new era of MASH pharmacotherapy: a comprehensive review of FDA-approved and emerging agents.. Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland). 2026.
Mann, Johannes F E et al.. Effect of semaglutide on kidney outcomes in the SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials: a prespecified pooled analysis.. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2026.
Primary composite of persistent ≥50% eGFR reduction, kidney failure, kidney-related death, or cardiovascular-related death with semaglutide versus placebo in the prespecified pooled SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL analysis; 973 versus 1134 first events. The trials differed in participants' baseline characteristics and in semaglutide dose and route.
Narrower secondary kidney composite excluding cardiovascular-related death with semaglutide versus placebo in the prespecified pooled SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL analysis; 347 versus 416 first events. The trials differed in participants' baseline characteristics and in semaglutide dose and route.
Pałka, Wiktoria et al.. Analysis of the efficacy and safety of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.. Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2026.
Average incremental efficacy benefit of semaglutide 7.2 mg over 2.4 mg over at least one year; the benefit was characterized as modest, percentage-bodyweight superiority was significant only in the diabetes subgroup, and tolerability and patient preferences should be considered.
Reduction in triptan consumption among prevalent users; the abstract attributes the overall decrease mainly to lower consumption among existing users rather than a change in monthly rates of new users.
Kamrul-Hasan, A B M et al.. Role of Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Weight Management for Individuals With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. Obesity science & practice. 2026.
Percent body-weight change with high-dose oral semaglutide versus placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes; low-to-moderate-certainty network estimate, with comparative inference constrained by the absence of head-to-head trials.
BMI change with high-dose oral semaglutide versus placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes; low-to-moderate-certainty network estimate, with no head-to-head comparisons.
Waist-circumference change with high-dose oral semaglutide versus placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes; low-to-moderate-certainty network estimate, with no head-to-head comparisons.
Dutta, Deep et al.. Safety and efficacy of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonism-based therapies in end-stage renal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 2026.
Pooled absolute proportion of semaglutide-treated patients with ESRD experiencing nausea; the estimate was highly imprecise and heterogeneous (I²=73.6%).
Thorsteinsdottir, Sigrun et al.. Real-World Use of Subsidised Semaglutide in Icelandic Children With Obesity: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.. Pediatric obesity. 2026.
No statistically significant modification of treatment response by neurodevelopmental-disorder status was detected among 56 Pediatric Obesity Center participants; the analysis was underpowered and should not be interpreted as evidence of equivalent response.
Naz, Faryal et al.. Effectiveness & safety of semaglutide in weight reduction in obese nondiabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Medicine. 2026.
Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events with subcutaneous semaglutide versus placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without type 2 diabetes
Hwang, Inyoung et al.. Real-World Comparative Weight Loss of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the All of Us Research Program: A Retrospective Cohort Study.. Drug design, development and therapy. 2026.
Adjusted relative likelihood of achieving ≥15% weight loss with semaglutide versus liraglutide among adults with obesity in a retrospective real-world cohort.
Key preregistered secondary outcome of heavy drinking days during the last 4 treatment weeks with oral semaglutide versus placebo in treatment-seeking adults with moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder; laboratory-assessed craving and drinks per day were not significantly reduced.
Exploratory comparison of the proportion reducing World Health Organization risk drinking level by at least one category with oral semaglutide versus placebo; the abstract did not report group percentages.
Rodbard, Helena W et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE).. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2026.
Severe hypoglycaemia occurred at a lower rate with semaglutide 2.0 mg plus dose-reduced insulin glargine versus dose-titrated insulin glargine at 40 weeks (p=0.02).
Gastrointestinal adverse-event counts were higher with semaglutide 2.0 mg plus dose-reduced insulin glargine than with dose-titrated insulin glargine; these are event counts rather than participant-level incidence rates, and the abstract reported no new safety concerns.
Aljulajil, Faisal A et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Basal Insulin and Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Pairwise Meta-Analysis.. Cureus. 2026.
HbA1c reduction with once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg versus insulin glargine or other GLP-1 receptor agonists in insulin-naive adults with T2DM uncontrolled on oral drugs; low-certainty evidence
Khan, Suleman et al.. Therapeutic role of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials with GRADE evidence assessment.. Medicine. 2026.
Azzam, Ahmed Y et al.. Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Outcomes Risk Reduction Associated With Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide: A Target Trial Emulation.. JACC. Advances. 2026.
Inzucchi, Silvio E et al.. Oral Semaglutide and CV Benefits in the SOUL Trial: How Do Baseline or Changes in HbA1c or BMI Affect Clinical Outcomes?. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2026.
Cannon, Ethan J et al.. Semaglutide vs. liraglutide and incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease: A target trial emulation using real-world data.. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2026.
Zhou, Xiao-Yu et al.. Coronary artery disease -related outcomes associated with semaglutide and tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2026.
Ahmed, Faizan et al.. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists or Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists vs. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and HFpEF: A Propensity-Matched Real-World Analysis.. Journal of clinical medicine. 2026.
Loomba, Rohit et al.. Efficacy and safety of zalfermin co-administered with semaglutide in participants with fibrosis and cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a phase 2, dose-ranging, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2026.
Proportion achieving improvement in liver fibrosis without MASH worsening with semaglutide 2.4mg versus placebo at week 52 in MASH patients with F2-F4c fibrosis
Nong, Kailei et al.. Comparative effects of drugs for adults with overweight or obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis.. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2026.
Chen, Hsin-Yu et al.. Lower fall and femoral fracture risks with semaglutide and tirzepatide compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes.. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2026.
Browse the 38 original sourcesThe full bibliography behind this monitor.
[1]
Nong, Kailei et al.. Comparative effects of drugs for adults with overweight or obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis.. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2026.
Chen, Hsin-Yu et al.. Lower fall and femoral fracture risks with semaglutide and tirzepatide compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes.. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2026.
Ahmed, Faizan et al.. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists or Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists vs. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and HFpEF: A Propensity-Matched Real-World Analysis.. Journal of clinical medicine. 2026.
Loomba, Rohit et al.. Efficacy and safety of zalfermin co-administered with semaglutide in participants with fibrosis and cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a phase 2, dose-ranging, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2026.
Cannon, Ethan J et al.. Semaglutide vs. liraglutide and incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease: A target trial emulation using real-world data.. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2026.
Zhou, Xiao-Yu et al.. Coronary artery disease -related outcomes associated with semaglutide and tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2026.
Inzucchi, Silvio E et al.. Oral Semaglutide and CV Benefits in the SOUL Trial: How Do Baseline or Changes in HbA1c or BMI Affect Clinical Outcomes?. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2026.
Azzam, Ahmed Y et al.. Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Outcomes Risk Reduction Associated With Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide: A Target Trial Emulation.. JACC. Advances. 2026.
Aljulajil, Faisal A et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Basal Insulin and Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Pairwise Meta-Analysis.. Cureus. 2026.
Khan, Suleman et al.. Therapeutic role of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials with GRADE evidence assessment.. Medicine. 2026.
Rodbard, Helena W et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE).. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2026.
Hwang, Inyoung et al.. Real-World Comparative Weight Loss of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the All of Us Research Program: A Retrospective Cohort Study.. Drug design, development and therapy. 2026.
Naz, Faryal et al.. Effectiveness & safety of semaglutide in weight reduction in obese nondiabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Medicine. 2026.
Thorsteinsdottir, Sigrun et al.. Real-World Use of Subsidised Semaglutide in Icelandic Children With Obesity: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.. Pediatric obesity. 2026.
Dutta, Deep et al.. Safety and efficacy of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonism-based therapies in end-stage renal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 2026.
Pałka, Wiktoria et al.. Analysis of the efficacy and safety of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.. Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2026.
Kamrul-Hasan, A B M et al.. Role of Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Weight Management for Individuals With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. Obesity science & practice. 2026.
Qasim, Abeer et al.. The new era of MASH pharmacotherapy: a comprehensive review of FDA-approved and emerging agents.. Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland). 2026.
Mann, Johannes F E et al.. Effect of semaglutide on kidney outcomes in the SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials: a prespecified pooled analysis.. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2026.
Jiménez-Mausbach, Martí et al.. Semaglutide attenuates a proteomics-based dementia risk signature in older adults with overweight or obesity and cardiovascular disease without diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the SELECT phase 3 trial.. Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2026.
Guo, Lixin et al.. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 12): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3b trial.. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2026.
Tseng, Ting-Chun et al.. Semaglutide vs Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity.. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 2026.
Murugadoss, Karthik et al.. GLP-1-based incretin therapy is associated with lower incident Alzheimer's disease and cardiorenal events in adults with documented neuropsychiatric, cognitive, or sensory risk.. Biology methods & protocols. 2026.
Plutzky, Jorge et al.. Effect of Semaglutide on the Inflammatory Biomarker High-Sensitivity CRP in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease and Overweight or Obesity in SELECT: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis.. Circulation. 2026.
Khani, Elnaz et al.. Semaglutide-Induced Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2026.
Banerjee, Mainak et al.. Major Adverse Liver Outcomes With Tirzepatide and Injectable Semaglutide in Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2026.
McIntyre, Roger S et al.. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Serious Mental Illness.. JAMA psychiatry. 2026.
Moiz, Areesha et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Co-agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : An Updated Systematic Review.. Annals of internal medicine. 2026.
Kow, Chia Siang et al.. Weight Regain Trajectories After Discontinuation of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide: A Reconstructed Aggregate-Data Bayesian Longitudinal Meta-Analysis.. Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism. 2026.
Santos-Pereira, Mariana et al.. Use of incretin receptor agonists in patients submitted to metabolic bariatric surgery - a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2026.
Mohamed Abdalla, Samih Abdelmutalab et al.. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Obesity: A Systematic Review.. Cureus. 2026.
Moubarak, Elsayed S et al.. Adjunctive GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiometabolic risk in antipsychotic-treated patients: A GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of randomized trials.. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2026.
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